SOCIAL SURVEYS AND PUBLIC OPINION POLLS
CESSI initiates and participates in many significant academic research projects. CESSI scholars are well-known scientists and experts in the methodology of survey research, comparative surveys, studies of life values and attitudes, constructing social indicators.
CESSI cooperates with leading academic research centers in Russia: the Institute of philosophy of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Sociology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Highest School of Economics and many other Russian academic institutions and many others. CESSI is involved in research projects with international research organizations as GESIS (Germany), FORS (Switzerland), City University London (UK), Maryland University (USA), University of Notre Dame (USA), Pew Research Center (USA), etc. The results of this cooperation are the implementation of important sociological research.
G90s - «Life course of generation entered adulthood in 1990s» - unique academic project supported by Russian scientific fund in 2023-2025 (principal investigator – A.V. Andreenkova). The project aims to study life course of generation, who transmitted to adult years in time of radical socio-economic and political transformations of 1990s, using combination of different research methods – collecting of panel data from respondents participated in survey RUSSET-1990s after 30 years, autobiographies and biographical interviews, cognitive interviews. RUSSET-1990s – Russian socio-economic transition panel, the longitudinal survey of changes in objective living conditions and subjective evaluations of life in general and different life domains, annual panel survey of 1993-1999. It is a joint academic international project conducted with the support of Netherlands scientific fund (NSF), headed by prof. Willem Saris. The survey is one of the first panel surveys where the same respondents were interviewed over years in the postSoviet region. RSS – Russian social survey – fundamental survey of social dynamic of Russian society, one of the major sources of trend social data in the country since 2006 till current time. The information about attitudes, opinions, beliefs and values of people as well as their behavior is collected every two years. The survey is comparable with data from other European countries in the European social survey (ESS). NSER – National survey of elderly in Russia – longitudinal survey of people over 50 years of 2021-2023 (two rounds till now). It covers a broad range of indicators: health and medical services, family relations and social ties, material situation and pension provision, cognitive abilities and mental health, personal and social wellbeing, attitudes and values. The first survey is based on national probability random sample; the second round includes the respondents from round 1 and a new independent sample to compensate for sample attrition, the survey mode is face-to-face in respondent’s homes. The survey is conducted in cooperation and financial support of the Highest school of Economics (HSE), Russia (group leader is prof. O. V. Sinyavskaya). European values survey (EVS) and World Values survey (WVS) in Russia 2017 – the part of an international comparative project (principal investigators in Russia are N. Soboleva, HSE, E. Panarin, HSE). CESSI provided methodological support, pretesting, sample design, conducted the fieldwork and prepared the data for the inclusion in a joint international database. CISSWS – International survey on the wellbeing of students during COVID pandemic –international cross-national research about the impact of pandemic on economic situation, social ties and psychological wellbeing of students. It was coordinated by the consortium of several European universities (University of Gent, University of Antwerp and some others). CESSI conducted the survey in Russia among full-time students of universities all over the country (2600 respondents) by self-administered questionnaire in online format using random sample in May 2020. The data can be compared with 25 countries (20 countries of Europe and Israel, Turkey, USA, Canada and South Africa). «Values transformation and subjective quality of life: regional perspective” (principal investigators are E. Ponarin, A. Almakaeva, HSE, Russia) – the survey of social values, moral norms and subjective wellbeing in 60 Russian regions in 2019-2022. CESSI provided methodological support, sample design, fieldwork and data preparation of the survey which was conducted using telephone interviews on RDD samples in each region. LangL - Language landscape in post-Soviet countries – the comparative survey of language use in 12 countries initiated and implemented by CESSI (principal investigator A.V. Andreenkova). It aimed to study language knowledge and skills, language identification and language use in everyday life as well as different aspects of multilingualism. The data were collected in national surveys based on probability random samples of the population 18 years old and over by face-to-face interviews in respondents' homes as part of the project PostSoviet Trends in 2012-2016. «Tragedy in Beslan – social consequences” aimed to study the impact of violence event in school 1 in Beslan in 2004 on different aspects of people’s life and the reaction to the violence – peaceful political activism, aggression, cooperation and mutual health. It was led by prof. Debra Javeline and prof. Vanessa Beard. The survey of 2007 employed several survey methods: formalized interviews with victims and their relatives, uninvolved population of Beslan and North Ossetia who were not directly involved, focus-groups and victims of Beslan. The results of the survey are presented in the book of D. Javeline “After Violence” (Oxford University press, 2023). «Youth and the Future» - cross-sectional survey of attitudes, belief, fears and expectations of teenagers in Russia and 10 other countries in the post-Soviet region conducted in 1992 to 1996 (senior researchers were prof. John Robinson, Maryland University, USA and V. Andreenkov, CESSI). The survey covered issues of attitudes toward international relations, image of Russia and USA, the fear of nuclear threat and other fears, life plans and scenarios of the future. «Values and interests of Russians – the cross-sectional survey about social attitudes, values and population based on national Russian sample (head of the project – prof. Nikolai Lapin, Institute of philosophy, RAN). CESSI provided methodological support, sample design, fieldwork and data preparation for several rounds of the survey in 2006-2016.
Our nearest plans include launching of ACADEMIC OMNIBUS– regular national surveys for different academic projects initiated by different researchers and institutions. The surveys will be based on high quality representative national samples and follow rigorous methodological standards. It will be the method to collect reliable data on high standards in a cost and energy-effective way.
CESSI is the winner of many international and Russian scientific tenders and calls for research grants. Independent reviewers and funding agencies highly evaluated CESSI research proposals and high standards of survey implementation. The list of grants is below:
Research grant of RSF N23-18-00635 «Life course, values, expectations of generation, grown up in 1990s- longitudinal survey after 30 years», 2023-2025 (head of the project is A.V. Andreenkova). Research grant of RFBR and EISR 2019 N 19-011-31443 «Public expectations regarding fairness and justice in Russian society and the role of government in providing social fairness» (head of the project is V.G. Andreenkov) Research grant of RFBR 18-011-00999 2018-2019 "Structure of values, views and norms, lifestyle and behavior of Russians in first twenty years of XXI century – Seventh round of Russian Social Survey (RSS) on the program of European Social Survey (ESS)" (head of the project is A.V. Andreenkova) Research grant of ERA.Net RUS Plus, 2016-2017 (joint grand of RHSF and scientific funds of EU countries - 7th Framework research programmes between the EU Member States/ Associated Countries and Russia (www.era.net-rus.eu) «Public Attitudes to welfare, climate change and energy in the EU and Russia - PAWCER» (head of the project from Russian side is V.G. Andreenkov, from EU side is A. Scheuer GESIS, Germany) Research grant of RHSF 2016-2017 N 14-03-18007 «Stability and change in attitudes, values and behavior of Russians during the last decade – Sixth wave of Russian Social Survey based on international comparative program European Social Survey (ESS)» (head of the project is A.V. Andreenkova) Research grant of RHSF, N 14-03-18007, 2014-2015 «Political culture, social role of government and personal wellbeing: comparison of new and advanced European democracies (Fifth round of European Social Survey in Russia– ESS)» (head of the project is A.V. Andreenkova) Research grant of RHSF, N 12-03-18012/12, 2012-2013 «Democracy – public understanding of the concept and the comparative analysis of components of democracy in different political systems (Fourth Russian survey based on European Social Survey program)», (head of the project is A.V. Andreenkova) Research grant of RHSF, N 10-03-03203e/p, 2010-2011«Political culture of Russia – results of twenty years old reforms: comparative analysis with new and developed democracies in Europe (Third round of survey based on European Social Survey program)», (head of the project is A.V. Andreenkova) Research grant of RHSF, N 08-03-03209 e/p., 2008-2009 «Political culture of Russia: comparative analysis with new and developed democracies in Europe (Second round of survey based on European Social Survey program)», (head of the project is A.V. Andreenkova)
CESSI collects regular data on prices for goods and services included in the consumer basket of some population groups in different Russian cities, and constructs the Cost of living Index (CLI). The Index shows the dynamic of prices compared to previous time period and between cities since the end of 1990s till current time. It can be used to analyze short-term and long-term trends for research purposes, public information and HR corporate compensation policies – making timely and adequate adjustments for the size and forms of work compensations.
Besides the general Cost of Living Index, CESSI regularly measures the cost of renting housing in different regions of the country and provides the Housing Index (HI) to track changes in the cost of living between different cities.
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For some purposes, the general Cost of living index is not enough to take into account specific requirements and needs of different types of people and households. New CESSI project is monitoring the cost of living for people and households with specific lifestyles. Several types of people were selected including the criteria of household composition, age, time spending and other needs. For example, one type is a woman in her 30-s from middle class working full-time with 2 children and working partner. Another type is a young man with upper income employed full time in a large company living alone. More than 20 types of such kind were defined. The spending plan for each of such types of people are defined based on other CESSI surveys, the prices for goods and services of these baskets are tracked for the country as a whole and particular regions. New study helps to evaluate changes in cost of living for particular types of people with different income levels, composition of the family and lifestyle.
QUALITY OF LIFE SURVEYS IN RUSSIA AS A WHOLE AND IN DIFFERENT RUSSIAN REGIONS
CESSI developed the Quality of Life Index (QLI) for different levels of comparison – international (comparisons with other countries), macro-regional and micro-regional (municipalities). The method helps to evaluate the long-term and short-term changes in the quality of living on macro- and micro-level taking into account both objective and subjective indicators.
The Index takes into account the cost of living, incomes and also the quality of infrastructure, usage of infrastructure and services and also the subjective evaluations of different life domains and services.
MEARUSING ECONOMIC EXPECTATIONS AND ECONOMIC CLIMATE
CESSI conducts regular tracking of economic expectations of Russians in national surveys. The long time trends help to evaluation the current status, but also observe the general dynamic and the correlations between economic and political events and public response, reactions, to make predictions of the strength, durability and implications of these public reactions.
CESSI conducts public opinion polls on important issues of politics, social relations, government policies, socio-economic issues. Polls are based on probability random samples of the general population using different modes – personal at-home interviews, telephone interviews and online surveys. Public opinion polls are conducted also in separate regions (oblast/ krai, republics) and municipalities on local issues and regional public agenda.
On the day of elections all information agencies and stakeholders are seeking to learn the results as soon as possible. First Exit Poll was conducted by CESSI in the 1993 Referendum in Russia with the methodological support of world leading scholar on exit polls Warren Mitofsky for the consortium of Western and domestic mass media. Our results were widely broadcasted by major news agencies and media CNN, NTV, CBC, NBC, Reuters, Russian channels. CESSI perceptions are precise and reliable and at the same time the most resource-effective relying.
«PostSoviet Trends» – comparative cross-national survey of perception of national agenda, economic expectations, trust to institutions, living standards and living conditions, image of countries and opinions toward foreign policy issues in 14 countries in PostSoviet region based on regular population surveys on probability random samples in 2003-2022. The project was initiated and implemented by CESSI and CESSI partners in different countries (head of the project is Anna Andreenkova).
«Monitoring opinions in the time of social transformations» (MOTT-1990s)- cross-sectional survey on studying the change of Russian society – social structure, socio-economic views, support of political ideologies, electoral choice and electoral behavior, socio-political attitudes. The surveys were conducted twice a year from 1991 to 1999 and it was based on national probability random samples of the population 18 years and over in Russia by face-to-face interviews in respondent’s homes. The project was initiated by CESSI and conducted with financial support of different independent funds and commercial companies.
Andreenkova A.V. Political stratification of contemporary Russian society/ Dissertation for PhD degree. Institute of socio-political studies of Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow, 1998. EDN: VOTCTB. (In Russ.).
«Ethnicity, national and citizenship in former Soviet Union» 1994-1997 – academic survey of political attitudes and social class, religious and regional cleavages in political preferences in the countries with transforming political system (head of the project – G. Evans, S. Whitefield, Oxford, UK). CESSI provided methodological support, sample design, conducted fieldwork in Russia and in Latvia, prepared the databases and data documentation.
«Image of nations in Post soviet region» – comparative study of national stereotypes, perception of countries and ethnic groups in 8 countries in the Post-soviet region (Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan). The survey was initiated and conducted by CESSI using face-to-face interviews in respondent’s homes on national probability samples of population of 18 years old and over (1000 respondents in each country) in 1999.
Andreenkova Elena V. Ethnic attitudes in Russia toward some Slavic, Transcaucasia and Middle Asia ethnic groups. Dissertation for PhD degree. Moscow. Institute of Sociology RAN, 2000. (In Russ.).
Issues of education are related to many different target groups and stakeholders. We work with professors, school teachers, students, parents, NGO, mass media and government officials on municipal, regional and national level.
Example of some research projects on issues of education:
«Educational trajectories on the life course» 2024 – the study of getting education on different stages of the life course by different generations of Russians, main and additional education, re-education, the relations of education and profession, intergenerational educational mobility. The survey was initiated and conducted by CESSI in 2024 on a national probability random sample of population 18 years old and over by face-to-face interviews in respondent’s homes.
«Implications of digitalization in general education and high professional education» - the study of the impact of technological changes on the quality of education, style of teaching and socio-psychological climate educational institutions, the working conditions and quality of work of teachers in 2020-2022 (project direction – prof. A.V. Noskova, MGOMO). CESSI provided methodological support, sample design, fieldwork and data preparation of qualitative data - focus-groups with school teachers, parents and teachers of colleges.
Andreenkova A. V., Dmitrieva E. V., Noskova A. V. (2022) Perception of School Learning Digitalization and Its Consequences: Research Outcomes of Online Focus Groups with Teachers and Parents of Schoolchildren. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes. No. 2. P. 165–184. https://www.monitoringjournal.ru/index.php/monitoring/article/view/1990 (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).
Digital turn in the system of education/ ed. by A.I. Kravchenko, A.V. Noskova. Moscow: MGIMO-University, 2023. (In Russ.).
«Foreign scholars in Russian universities – role, motivation, working conditions and recruiting» – multimode study of the foreign scholars in leading Russian universities in the context of reforming and modernizing Russian high education. The study was conducted by the initiative of program 5-100 and Sociocenter in 2016 and 2020. The methods of the study included in-depth interviews, focus-groups and qualitative survey among administration of the universities and foreign scholars (in English and Russian language) implemented by CESSI.
«Russian youth and education» – the study of educational, labor and career trajectories of young people in Russia, staying in a selected profession or changing the field after the graduation, labor preferences and plans, the differences in labor trajectories of alumni of different educational institutions – primary, secondary and high professional education. The study was conducted in cooperation with the company IBS in 2010 and included the quantitative survey of young people of 16-30 years old who graduated professional programs of any level, on representative telephone samples in 5 regions of Russia (3250 interviews) and in-depth interviews with employers and local educational government in 10 Russian regions.
«Expectations of the society toward the system of school education» – the study of needs, demands, expectations and criteria to evaluate school education from Russian parents, and also the needs and demands of school administrators and teachers regarding the role of parents in education, 2004. The study was conducted by CESSI in cooperation with the analytical center of the journal “Expert” (project director – M. Galushkina). It included in-depth interviews with directors of secondary schools and parents of school students in Moscow.
«Colleges and employers about college alumni and the reform of the high school» – the multimode study comparing the needs and demands of employers in respect of new employees after the graduation and the perceptions of college administrators and teachers about these needs, the criteria for evaluation of the quality of education in colleges, the need for re-training or additional training, the comparison of corporate training programs. The study was conducted by CESSI in cooperation with the analytical center of the journal “Expert” (project director – A. Shmarov) with the support of the Charity Fund of V. Potanin, company RUSAL and AFK Systema. The methods include in-depth interviews, focus-groups, foresight-session and quantitative survey of employers (top-managers and HR departments) from different industries and administration of top Russian colleges in 2004-2006.
Shmarov A., Glinkin I., Andreenkova A. Colleges and employers about alumni and reforms of high school. Report. Analytical Center Expert, CESSI, AFK Systema, Rusal. Moscow, 2005. (In Russ.).
«Education and life plans of young people» – part of the research project “Youth and the Future” of 1992-1996 (principal researchers are J. Robinson, USA and V. Andreenkov, CESSI, Russia). The survey compared the life plans of schoolchildren in different countries in the Post-Soviet region, the professional choice and plans for education.
CESSI conducts surveys in the field of sociology of sciences, on social issues of science, innovation and technologies. In the recent years several important research projects on digitalization and reforming of science, life course and professional trajectories of scientists both in humanitarian and natural scientists, reasons and motives of brain drain and Russian scientific diaspora abroad were implemented
Some examples of surveys in the field of the sociology of science:
«Professionals trajectories, mobility and academic capital of scientists in time of digital transformations» – the study of issues, barriers and implications of digitalization for science, 2020-2025 (project director is prof. A. V. Noskova, MGIMO). CESSI provided methodological support, sample design, conducted the fieldwork both for qualitative part of the project (focus-groups and in-depth interviews with scientists from different regions and fields) and quantitative online surveys on random sample of scientists working in Russian research institutions and universities from specially prepared list of Russian researchers and prepared the database.
Database “Sociological research of human capital of Russian scientific community”, Gorouchova D.V., Kuzmina E.I., Noskova A.V., Dmitrieva E.V., Temnitskiy A.L., Zarubina N.N., Andreenkova A.V. Official confirmation of the registration of rights RU 2024622996, 09.07.2024. Application № 2024622622 от 24.06.2024..
Noskova A.V., Golouchova D.V., Kuzmina E.I. Professional well-being of Russians scholars: methodological issues and results of sociological measurement // Sociologicheskie issledovania. 2025. N 7. P. 80-93. DOI 10.31857/S0132162525070085. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).
Noskova A.V., Golouchova D.V., Kuzmina E.I. Status positions and scientific capital in Russian science // // Sociologicheskie issledovania. 2024. N 2. P. 88-99. DOI 10.31857/S0132162524010087 (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).
Noskova, A.V., Goloukhova, D.V., Kuzmina, E.I., Galitskaya, D.V. Digital Competences of Teachers in the Higher Education Academic Development System: Experience of the Empirical Research // Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. 2022. Vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 159-168, doi: 10.31992/0869-3617-2022-31-1-159-168 (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).
«Modern generation of scientists: values, motivation, style of life» - multimode study of young scientists with high reputation and achievements (30-45 years old) in natural sciences and mathematics from Russia working in Russia or abroad. The study was conducted by CESSI with the support of IOP (Institute of public projective) in 2009. It included the in-depth interviews with top managements of leading research organizations in the country, IDIs, focus-groups and foresight session with young successful scientists and quantitative survey of scientists working in Russia using random sample from specially prepared lists obtained in research institutions (350 cases) and Russian scientists working abroad (200 cases).
«New generation of Russian engineers» - the study of the socio-demographic profile of young engineers in Russia, their social origins, working conditions and quality for work, work values and motivation, style of life, life course and professional trajectory, social and personal wellbeing, prestige of profession. The survey was conducted by CESSI in cooperation with Analytical center “Expert” in 2008. The methods include in-depth interviews, focus-groups and quantitative survey of professional engineers of 23-35 years old on national probability random sample in respondent’s homes (1750 interviews).
CESSI covers wide ranges of research issues related to social aspects of people’s health. We work with different target groups – the general population, patients, consumers of pharmaceutical products, doctors and other medical practitioners, NGO, regulators and government authorities.
Surveys on health issues require special methods, approaches and qualification designing and drawing the sample, designing the questionnaire, conducting interviews on many sensitive and confidential issues. CESSI has a pool of well-trained experienced interviewers for conducting health-related interviews. We employ special methods of working with sensitive questions, including procedures for confidentiality and anonymity of information obtained from respondents.
Examples of our research projects:
«Health as life value» - the study of attitudes toward health, health as terminal or instrumental value for different socio-demographic groups of population (project leader is A. V. Andreenkova). Special module was prepared for Russia social survey round 11 (2024) to enrich the data obtained in round 8 (international module Health inequality) by attitudinal indicators along with behavior and knowledge.
«Government communication campaign during pandemic of COVID-19»– the study of media messages from government and government-related institutions in mass media during the pandemic of COVID-19 in 2020. The project included the testing of a new method of analyzing video media-content – combination of classical context analysis with analysis of visual and emotional elements and semiotic approach. The media messages from top daily news programs in major TV channels were tracked on daily bases during 4 months, registering 2161 media messages from 122 news programs. Each program was coded according to the conceptual coding schema including more than 25 parameters.
Andreenkova A.V., Medvedeva A.A. (2023). Structure and content of information campaign on television during first wave of pandemic of COVID-19 in Russia // I109. No. 3., P. 80–90. DOI: 10.31857/S013216250020945-2. https://www.isras.ru/index.php?page_id=2624&jn=socis&jn=socis&jid=9540. (in Russ).
«Health, medical services and risks» - long time series study started about the place of health care issues in the national agenda, the evaluation of performance of health care institutions and government, to get information about health-care and preventive and risk behavior including consumption of tobacco products, alcohol and others. The surveys were conducted in Russia and other countries in the Post-Soviet region from 1996 till 2010. The survey covered the general adult population and also teenagers of 12-17 years old in 2000 and 2002 and their parents to study the relations between parents and children behavior in risk-related areas and health care.
«Reproductive health of young Russians – behavior and attitudes» - the study of reproductive health of young Russians among different socio-demographic groups, their media-consumption, attitudes and opinions regarding family planning, usage of contraceptives and protected sex, reproductive behavior, knowledge and opinions about HIV-infection, usages of medical services on reproductive health. The survey was conducted by CESSI for NGO “Healthy Russia” (project director was E. V. Dmitrieva) in 4 oblasts of RF on a representative random sample of population 14-35 years old and over in 2005 (5000 interviews). In following years the repeated rounds of the survey tracked the change of the situation in the same oblasts after information campaign intervention.
Studying public views on fairness and rule of law is one of the main areas of CESSI work for many years. We aimed to address the most fundamental issues of fairness about understanding of this fairness concept, criteria of fairness applying in different situations and interactions between different groups and institutions, fairness in legal and law-enforcement systems and issues of corruption.
Examples of the projects:
«Fairness as social value in Russia» – long-term research project aimed to study different aspects of fairness – theoretical, methodological and empirical. The project also addressed the issues of understand of fairness and salience of it for different social groups, criteria and factors of judgements about fairness in different life situation, the evaluative aspects of fairness of Russian society, the impact of fairness perception on political, social and interpersonal relations (project leaders were V. L. Rimsky and V. G. Andreenkov). The project included several research packages with financial support of different research grants. It employed different research methods – qualitative (focus-groups, in-depth interviews with population and stakeholders) and quantitative (personal interviews on national random population samples, online surveys on online panet respondents) in 2019-2024.
Research grants supported the project:
«Public demand for fairness and its provision by the government», 2019. (RFFI and ANO EISI-Expert Institute of social studies № 19-011-31443) (heads of the project are V.G. Andreenkov, V.L. Rimskiy)
«Fairness in everyday life and in the perception of the future of Russian society» (RFFI № 20-011-31240), 2020.
«Demand of Russian citizen for fair social state» 2023-2024, INION, ANO EISI № № 123091200057-8
The results of the project can be found in publications:
Rimskiy V. L. Fair social state as value and as reality for Russian citizens // Voprosy teoreticheskoi ekonomiki. 2025. N1 (26). P. 127-146.
Andreenkov V. G., Andreenkova A.V. Public attitudes toward goals and characteristics of welfare state in Russia // Teleskop: journal of sociological and marketing research. 2024. N 1 (13). P. 13-27. DOI: 10.24412/1994-3776-2024-1-13-27 УДК: 316.473 https://teleskop-journal.spb.ru/files/2024_1_02.pdf
Andreenkova A. V. Comparative analysis of attitudes of Russians and Europeans toward new approaches to implement the principles of social fairness in social provision // Solidarity and conflicts in modern society. Materials of XII Kovalev' readings 15-17 of November 2018, ed. by Y. V. Asochakov. St-Pet.: Skifia-print, 2018. P. 370-371.
Andreenkova A. V., Andreenkov V. G. Issues of fairness for Russian youth – generational differences /XIII Kovalev’ reading “Youth of XXI century: image of the future » 14 - 16 of November 2019, P. 127-128.
Andreenkov V. G., Andreenkova A. V. Public consensus about the criteria and reasons of fairness in digital era / Digital society – new format of social reality: structures, processes and trends. Material of Russian scientific conference, ed. by . N. G. Skvortshov, Y. V. Asochakov. P. 127-128. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44624832.
Andreenkova A. V. Belief in the just world in European culture // Sociologicheskie issledovania SOCIS, 2022. No. 6. P. 23–35. DOI 10.31857/S013216250018745-2 https://www.socis.isras.ru/files/File/2022/6/Andreenkova.pdf.
Andreenkova, A.V. In Search of Fair Social Welfare System — Dynamic of Attitudes Toward Universal Basic Income in Russian Society. Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal = Sociological Journal. 2022. Vol. 28. No. 3. P. 38–56. DOI: 10.19181/ socjour.2022.28.3.9150. https://www.journal-socjournal.ru/index.php/socjour/article/view/9150.
Rimskiy V. L. Fairness and unfairness in social practices of Russian citizens/ in Political space and social time: global challenges and civilization response. Scientific works XХХVII International Kharak Forume, 2021. P. 180-185. (in Russ).
Rimskiy V. L. Corruption in interactions of Russian citizens with representatives of government authorities // Obshestvennye nauki i sovremennost. 2021. N5. P. 59. (in Russ).
Rimskiy V. L. Fairness from the state» expectations and reliality // Vlast i Elity. 2019. V. 6. N 2. P. 156-175 (in Russ).
«Cross-national comparisons of fairness» – the survey in Russia within European social survey Round 8 (2016) for obtaining the data on perception of fairness principles and evaluation of fairness in different social domains comparable with other European countries. The project was support by the joint research grant of ERA.Net RUS Plus 2016-2017 (Russian Humanitarian scientific Fund RHSF and scientific funds of European Union within 7th Framework research programmes between the EU Member States/ Associated Countries and Russia «Social values and attitudes toward social state, social fairness and ecological consciousness in Europe and in Russia» (project leader from Russian side V. G. Andreenkov, from European side – Angelika Scheuer, GESIS).
Andreenkova A. V. Perception of Fairness and Economic Inequality in Comparative Cross-national Context // Social Sciences and Contemporary World. 2017. N5. P. 18-30. 10.31857/S086904990011483-3. https://onsras.ru/s086904990011483-3-1/. (in Russ, annotation is in English).
Andreyenkova A. Perception of fairness and economic inequality in a comparative cross-national context // Social Sciences. 2017. Vol. 48, №3. P. 3-16. (in Eng. – translation of the article from Russian).
Andreenkova A. V. Comparative analysis of the perception of fairness and social inequality yin Russia and in Europe / in Sociology and Society: social inequality and social fairness. Yekaterinburg, 19-21 of October, 2016. Materials of V All-Russian sociological congress. Ed. by V.A. Mansurov. Moscow, ROSS, 2016. P. 768-774. (in Russ.).
van Oorschot W., Gugushvili D. Retrenched, but Still Desired? Perceptions Regarding the Social Legitimacy of the Welfare State in Russia Compared with EU Countries // Europe-Asia Studies. 2019. N 71(3). P. 345–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2019.1583316.
Ochsner M., Ravazzini L., Gugushvili D., Fink M., Grand P., Lelkes O., van Oorschot W. Установки россиян и европейцев в отношении системы социального обеспечения. Лондон: European social survey. (in Russ.).
Ochsner, M., Ravazzini, L., Gugushvili, D., Fink, M., Grand, P., Lelkes, O., van Oorschot, W. (2018). Russian versus European welfare attitudes: evidence from the 2016 European Social Survey. London: European Social Survey (Eng). ESS8_pawcer_welfare_RU.pdf.
«Attitudes of Russians toward legal authorities and perception of fairness»– research project about the image of legal authorities and judges and among public, knowledge and interest to functioning of legal system, the sources of attitudes and opinions, the trust to legal institutions, laws, opinions about procedural aspects of legal system, the experiences with legal system. The research was conducted in cooperation with Fund INDEM. It included the survey of the general population on a national probability random sample implemented by face-to-face interviews in respondent’s homes and focus-groups with general population and entrepreneurs in two rounds - in 2007-2008 and in 2014-2015.
Rimskiy V. L. Legal consciousness and professional behavior of Russian judges // Obshestvennye nauki i sovremennost. 2017. N4. P. 45-59. (in Russ).
Rimskiy V. L. Fairness in contemporary Russia: dreams and usage in social practices // Rossia i musulmanskiy mir. 2014. N3 (261). P. 5-19. (in Russ).
«Corruption in Russia – reasons and structure» - research project aimed to reveal the range of types of corruption, its main elements, the main schemas of corrupted interactive, frequency of using these schemas, amount of resources involved, the interests of main actors and the gaps in legal and social regulations which lead to the corruption. The research was conducted in cooperation in the Institute of Public projections (INOP) in 2006 using in-depth interviews with representatives of national and regional government executives and elected officials, law-enforcement and tax authorities, business associations, public councils, mass media, business and academic community. The results of the survey attracted a lot of public and academic attention. The report on the survey “Nature and the structure of corruption of Russia” was published in 2008 http://www.inop.ru/page529/page519/.
«Democracy, rule of law and legal practice in everyday life of Russians» - cross-sectional survey studying the perception of legal issues, trust to legal and law-enforcement institutions, interaction with legal institution, evaluation of outcome, effectiveness, legal procedures, barriers and obstacles for the rule of law in different institutions – courts, police, lawyers, laws, NGOs and mass media prof. Debra Javeline and prof. Vanessa Baird. CESSI provided methodological support, sample design, conducted the fieldwork and prepared the data for annual surveys - among generation population in 12 cities, among lawyers and among representatives of NGOs from 2003 till 2005.
For more than 20 years CESS has studied the issues of ecological attitudes and environmentally-friendly behavior. Research issues included public perception of the place of ecological problems in national and regional agenda, evaluation of personal and public relevance of ecological issues, readiness to participate in mitigating activities, knowledge and attitudes to climate change issues, energy security. These issues were studied in individual countries (Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan) and also in comparative cross-national context.
Examples of the research projects:
«Monitoring of global and ecological issues and corporate social responsibility» - multi-countries time series cross-sectional survey aimed to study the dynamic of public perception of global issues, ecological attitudes and behavior, the evaluation of performance and impact of different industries individual global and domestic companies in supporting sustainable development, social and ecological responsibilities. The project was organized and coordinated by GlobeScan (Canada), CESSI implemented the project in Russia from 1997 till 2017. It was based on annual population surveys on national probability random samples by face-to-face interviews in respondent’s homes in earlier years and telephone interviews on national RDD samples in later years.
«Cross-national comparisons of attitudes toward energy security and ecological issues» - the research in Russia within the project European social survey Round 8 (2016) to obtain comparable data between Russia and EU on public perceptions of climate change, reasons of climate change and its impact on local and global environment, the evaluation of performance of domestic and international institutions mitigating climate change and readiness to participate in these efforts, public evaluation of energy security and attitudes toward different sources of energy. The project was support by the joint research grant of ERA.Net RUS Plus 2016-2017 (Russian Humanitarian scientific Fund RHSF and scientific funds of European Union within 7th Framework research programmes between the EU Member States/ Associated Countries and Russia «Social values and attitudes toward social state, social fairness and ecological consciousness in Europe and in Russia» (project leader from Russian side V. G. Andreenkov, from European side – Angelika Scheuer, GESIS).
Andreenkova A.V. Attitudes of Russians and Europeans with regard to the problem of climate change -skepticism or ambivalence? // Teleskop: journal of sociological and marketing research. 2021, N1. P.134-144. DOI 10.51692/1994-3776_2021_1_134. http://teleskop-journal.spb.ru/files/2021_1_18.pdf.
Pohjolainen P., Kukkonend I., Jokinen P. Poortinga W., Umit R. Общественное мнение об изменении климата и энергетической безопасности в Европе и России / Отчет об исследовании. ESS, 2018 https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/ESS8_pawcer_climate_RU.pdf.
Studying religious beliefs and religious behavior is one of the most complicated topics in social surveys. Many aspects of religiosity are highly sensitive, considered as personal information, subject of social desirability bias and pressure of social norms. Studying religiosity in the post-Soviet region with its high religious, cultural and linguistic diversity requires a special conceptual, methodological and organization approach. CESSI conducted several unique research projects on issues of religion, religious behavior and religious values in this region in recent years.
«Global survey of future of religions» – multi-countries comparative survey of the role of religions in different societies, their religious beliefs, practices and moral norms organized and coordinated by Pew Research center in 35 countries in 2016-2017. CESSI provided sample design, collected the data and prepared the databases for the surveys in 7 countries – Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Latvia and Georgia. The surveys were conducted by face-to-face interviews in respondent’s homes among the population of 18 years old and over selected on national probabilities random samples and boost sample of religious minorities in some countries (Muslims in Russia, Orthodox Christians in Kazakhstan). The survey was widely discussed in Russian and international media, and it continues to attract the attention of academic community, analysis and think tankers all around the world, it is one of the major sources of cross-national information about behavior and attitudes of people belonging to different religious and also non-religious population.
Report «Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe». Pew Research Center, 2017. https://www.academia.edu/33489853/Religious_Belief_and_National_Belonging_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe_National_and_religious_identities_converge_in_a_region_once_dominated_by_atheist_regimes_FOR_MEDIA_OR_OTHER_INQUIRIES
Доклад «Религия и национальная принадлежность в Центральной и Восточной Европе». Pew Research Center, 2017 г. https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2017/05/CEUP-Overview-Russian-FOR-WEB.pdf. или http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2017/05/15120244/CEUP-FULL-REPORT.pdf
Report “Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century Pew Research Center”, 2017. https://www.pewforum.org/2017/11/08/orthodox-christianity-in-the-21st-century/.
«Moral and religious views and values of generation Russian population and Russian regions – Religion in Russia» - cross-sectional time series surveys of religious beliefs, practices and moral norms and also the dynamic of general social attitudes and values. The questionnaires of the survey contain part of the questions of World value survey (WVS) and European Value Survey (EVS) and can be used for cross-national comparisons. The survey was conducted in 5 rounds – in 1993, 1996, 1999, 2002 and 2005. First rounds of this survey were financed from CESSI sources, following rounds were supported by National Science Foundation of Finland and National Council of Eurasian and Eastern European research NCEEER (the project “Intolerance among Orthodox Christians and Muslims in Russia: How strong is it and why?”). The project was designed by the international team including Kimmo Kaariainen, V.G. Andreenkov, A.V. Andreenkova, V. Karpov, E. Lisovskaya. All surveys were conducted on probability random sample of general population of Russia by face-to-face interviews in respondents’ homes and boost sample in several Muslim regions (Tatarstan in 1999, 2002 и 2005, Kabardino-Balkaria and Dagestan in 2002 and 2005, Bashkortostan in 2005).
Some data from this project are located in Finnish Social Science Data Archive (titled “Religion and Religiousness in Russia”):
https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD1093?lang=en&study_language=en
https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD1094?lang=en&study_language=en
Results are also described in publications:
Kaariainen K. Religion in Russia after the Collapse of Communism. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 1998.
Kaariainen K., Furman D. Tatars and Russians – believers and non-believers, old and young // Voprosy philosophii. 1999. N11. С. 68-80 (in Russ.).
Karpov V., Lisovskaya E. Religious Intolerance among Orthodox Christians and Muslims in Russia// in Religion, State and Society, vol 36, Issue 4, 2008, pp. 361 – 377. http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2007_820-11g_Karpov2.pdf.
«World survey of Muslim world»- multi-countries survey of Muslim population, its socio-demographic and economic structure, beliefs, attitudes, moral values and behavior models. The survey was organized by the Pew Research Center in 2011. CESSI conducted the survey in Russia on a probability random sample of the Russian population (1800 respondents) and boost sample of about 900 Muslims living across the country. It is one of the very few if not the only survey of Muslims in Russia which was conducted by probability random sample nation-wide and which included not only Muslims living in national republics but also in all over regions of Russia (this group constitutes about half of Muslim population in the country) and which was mostly ignored. The sample was based on hard-to-reach population sampling methodology including the territorial mapping and other sampling methods.
When conducting any large-scale social programs – educational, charity, information or any other, one of the key elements of successful implementation of the project is information about the effectiveness of the program and its elements – actions, events, campaigns. Feedback from participants and stakeholders gives confidence that resources and efforts were spent properly and that positive and negative experience is analyzed and accumulated for further projects. CESSI is an expert in conducting evaluation studies, measuring impact and consequences of social campaigns. Methods of evaluation include interviews with social groups targeted for the impact, comparative evaluation with reference groups which were not impacted, in-depth interviews and focus-groups with participants and organizers of social programs, diaries, online forums and whiteboards before, during and after the campaign.